As you go deep into the meaning of the word museum, which means a place dedicated to Muses, who are the goddesses of inspiration of literature, science and arts, it suddenly appears quite clear why Yerevan being such a small city houses a myriad of museums.
The museums in Yerevan are mainly dedicated to fine arts, applied arts, folk art, craft, archaeology, anthropology and ethnology, history, cultural history, science, technology, children’s museums, military history and agriculture. Very popular are the house museums of prominent Armenian writers and artists, which are not crowded every day, but which are never ignored and are always visited by the locals, from ordinary citizens to higher ranking officials.
Yerevan museums are spread all over the city and can be found at almost every step, and this is great considering their educational significance. Besides, is there any other way to introduce to the current generation and the tourists the cultural heritages of Yerevan, Armenia and Armenian people? Even if there is, what the eye sees in person, right in front of it, is incomparable and obviously, more impressive and memorable than anything else.
If you want to learn about national visual arts and decorative applied arts, then you should visit the National Gallery of Armenia, where other than that you will also learn about the world culture from the ancient times to present days. It’s perhaps the largest gallery in Yerevan with 56 galleries of European, Armenian, Russian and Oriental Art, and it will take you over two hours to thoroughly explore the gallery. While when reading this, you might think spending over two hours in a gallery is too much, you will completely change your mind and get absorbed in everything displayed in the gallery because it comes with a most unique and fascinating collection. You should by all means visit the section where most renowned Armenian sea painter Hovhannes Aivazovski’s sea paintings are introduced. They are breathtaking, and will keep sailing through your mind for a rather long time.
Among the house museums the must-visit ones are the Sergei Parajanov House Museum, which features movie director and artist Parajanov’s graphics, dolls, collages, photographs, screenplays and librettos of unrealized productions in theater, cinema and ballet, the House Museum of Aram Khachaturian, which includes the composer’s books, scores, records, photos, and other private things, and of course the Hovhannes Tumanyan House Museum, which is simply adorable. The latter is located in the central part of Yerevan and as you walk out of the museum, it seems the entire Tumanyan Street at the end of which it’s located lies before you. It’s something to be seen to be felt. The museum includes the writer’s private things, photos, books, and also on the walls several lines of his poems are cited. Make sure you have an Armenian with your group to translate those most beautiful lines to you.
If you’d like to go deep into the history and literature of Yerevan and Armenia, then you should visit Erebuni Fortress Museum, History Museum of Yerevan, History Museum of Armenia, Museum of Literature and Art and Museum of Military.
There is also the Genocide Museum, which provides not only pictures of the 1915 massacres but also displays historical undeniable data. You can visit this museum during your visit to the Genocide Memorial.
The list of museums is rather long, and it presently keeps on expanding and that’s good because it means that Armenian people are moving on with the eagerness to create, to invent and to surprise, while every collection of surprising things sooner or later finds its way to a museum. Above you will find the complete list and descriptions of all museums currently operating in Yerevan. Note that the museums generally open at 10 am and close at 5 pm, and the entrance fee might vary based the age, on your being a student and so on. Ask about these things in advance.
Together with Roman and Greek Theaters Armenian Theater belongs to one of the ancient ones with a history of over 2000 years.
The first public theater is thought to be opened during the reign of one of the greatest Armenian Kings Tigran II (95-55 BC) in 69 BC in his capital city Tigranakert. Having said this, it should be mentioned that Armenian Theater was opened 14 years before Pompey’s first public theater was established in Rome. As Greek historian Plutarch states, Tigran’s son Artavazd II (56-34 BC) was not less interested in the theater and even used to write tragedies. He also established a Hellenistic theater in Armenia’s Northern capital Artashat where in 53 BC the “Bacchae of Euripides” tragedy was performed. Evidence discovered from the 1st century BC claims that since then Armenian Theater has been multi-genre. In one of ancient Armenian capitals Armavir evidence of Artavazd II’s tragedies was found. They were written in Greek.
Mime also developed in the ancient Armenian Theater. Already in the second century there was a popular Armenian mime actress, Nazenik. In the 2nd-3rd centuries AD Armenian tragedians used to play in Armenian and Greek performances, and in the second half of the 4th century performances were being staged in Armenian King Arshak II’s palace.
In 301 AD Christianity was adopted as state religion in Armenia, and because of the popularity theater had with the people, it gradually found its way to religion, in the meaning that theatrical elements were included in church ceremonies. As a result, Christian religious drama came forth; this direction was something typical of the feudal era. The works of prominent Armenian scientist-philosophers of the 6th to the 7th centuries show that back then the theater played an important role in the social life of Armenian people. During the 11th to the 14th centuries Armenian Theater continued developing in the Armenian-Cilicia era. In 1375 the last independent Armenian dynasty of Cilician Lusignans fell and as a result Armenian art and cultural life suffered greatly. The 15-16th centuries were marked with the decline of Armenian Theater. The new era of the Armenian Theater started in the 17th-18th centuries. French traveler Jean Charden mentioned that he was present at a three-act play staged by Armenian gusans (troubadours) in 1664 in Yerevan square.
In the 19th century, more precisely in 1827 Eastern Armenia was annexed to Russia, and in this respect, Armenians had a chance to communicate with the Russian culture and theater. In 1865 the first Armenian performances are being staged in Yerevan, and eight years later a theatrical group is being formed. At the same time in Western Armenia the first Western Armenian theater group was established.
One of the most renowned Armenian satirists is Hagop Paronian, who skillfully satirized human greed and hypocrisy in such plays as the Honorable Beggars or the Abisoghom Agha. Another great Western Armenian writer was dramatist Levon Shant, whose plays like the Ancient Gods, The Emperor or the Princess of the Fallen castle are actual and most loved even today. The most famous playwrights of the Eastern Armenia were Derenik Demirchyan (Nazar the Brave), Alexander Shirvanzade (Chaos, Namus, Evil Spirit, For the Sake of Honor)and of course Gabriel Sundukyan, whose play Pepo is perhaps one of the most widely performed plays in Armenia. It’s due to these playwrights that the Armenian Theater greatly developed in 1905-1907. In 1921 the first state Theater named after Gabriel Sundukyan was opened in Yerevan.
They say if you live, then you one day appear at the bottom, and on the other day on the top. As a living organ Armenian Theater has gone through all possible ups and downs, but it has never given up and therefore exists until today. Perhaps the number of people visiting theaters in not that great in Yerevan, but Armenian Theater has its devoted visitors and it never fails to amaze. What would a song be without a good singer’s voice and nice lyrics? So is with the theater. Armenian Theater would never be this popular if there were no such actors as Mher Mkrtchyan, Hrachya Nersisyan, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Leonid Engibarov and so forth. These people contributed to the fame of the Armenian Theater throughout the world, and though many of them have passed away the Armenian spectator still has warmest memories about them and each of their plays.
Presently, there are many theaters operating in Yerevan, perhaps the most notable ones to be visited are the National Academic Theater, State Pantomime Theater, State Puppet Theater, State Russian Drama Theater and the State Theater of Musical Comedy. Ultimately, a visit to an Armenian Theater is a must for especially those people who are in Yerevan more on a cultural visit than for fun.